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James A. Leonard
James A. Leonard (November 6, 1841 Ireland – September 26, 1862 Annapolis, Maryland) was a young American chess master, who grew up as a son of poor Irish immigrants in New York City. He learned to play chess at age 16 or 17. Before his 20th birthday, he was already famous for his fierce attacking play and prowess at blindfold chess, at which he played as many as ten games simultaneously.
In 1862, he fought for the Union in the American Civil War. He was captured, and while being held as a prisoner of war, died of dysentery before reaching his 21st birthday. Commentators have compared his promise, never realized, to that of American chess giants Paul Morphy and Harry Nelson Pillsbury.
==Early life==
Nineteenth-century chess journalists and Jeremy Gaige's book ''Chess Personalia: A Biobibliography'' state that Leonard was born in New York City.〔John S. Hilbert, ''The Tragic Life and Short Chess Career of James A. Leonard, 1841-1862'', McFarland, 2005, p. 3. ISBN 978-0-7864-2298-2.〕〔Jeremy Gaige, ''Chess Personalia: A Biobibliography'', McFarland & Company, 1987, p. 245. ISBN 0-7864-2353-6.〕 However, his biographer John S. Hilbert, states, based on Leonard's military records, that "recent evidence strongly suggests he was born in Ireland".〔Hilbert, p. 3 (citing National Archives, Washington, D.C., File Designation: Leonard, James A., Co. F, 88th New York Infantry).〕
Leonard grew up in New York City with his parents, who were poor, working-class Irish immigrants.〔Neil Brennen, (The Historian ). ChessCafe.com. Retrieved on 2009-03-17.〕 Hilbert believes, based on 1850 census records, that his parents may have been John Leonard, a cabinet maker, and his wife Eleanor. Leonard also had a brother Joseph, about two years his junior.〔
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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